Treatment options for COVID19

Treatment Options for COVID-19 🦠

- Remdesivir
- Lopinavir/Ritonavir
- Ribavirin
- Tocilizumab
- Anakinra
- Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine
- Favipiravir
- Convalescent Plasma

𝐑𝐞𝐟: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬.


💢 Remdesivir

Is an investigational antiviral drug works by interfering with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase leading to premature termination of viral transcription.

First indicated for Ebola virus disease .


 💢Lopinavir/Ritonavir    (kaletra ®)🦠

Is an Antiviral agent for HIV works by inhibiting HIV-1 protease leading to form immature non infectious viral particals.

It’s Potential MOA in COVID-19:
Inhibition of Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) to give the same effect in HIV.



💢 Ribavirin 🦠

Is a broad spectrum Antiviral agent (Guanosine analogue) works by direct inhibition of RNA polymerase leads to chain termination or indirect inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase leads to GTP depletion.

It’s FDA approved  for Chronic Hepatitis C.


💢 Tocilizumab 💊

Is a humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 antagonist. Inhibiting binding of IL-6 to IL-6 receptor leads to inhibiting signal transduction and diminish the inflammatory response of the body.

FDA indications: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Giant Cell Arteritis, PJIA & CRS.



💢 Anakinra (Kineret ®)💊

Is a Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

FDA indications:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes



💢 Chloroquine 🦠

Is an antimalarial agent active against 𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒗𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒙, 𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒂 and strains of 𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒊𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒖𝒎.

FDA indication:
- Malaria
- Extraintestinal amebiasis


💢 Hydroxychloroquine 💊

Is an antimalarial agent. Its MOA against 𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 is unknown yet. It has also anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects so it is FDA approved for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus Erythematosus.



💢 Favipiravir 🦠

Is a nucleoside analog prodrug. It is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor.
It’s approved in Japan for tratment of Influenza A,B and C.
It’s currently under investigation for use in the management of SARS-CoV-2.


💢 Convalescent Plasma 💊

Convalescent Plasma Therapy 🩸 

It’s a procedure of administration of the passive antibodies (in plasma) of recovered patients to Severe COVID19 patients that leads to adaptive immune transfer resulting in passive immunity.

How Epilepsy is treated

Medications are used to treat epilepsy are called anti-epileptic drugs.

About 30 anti-seizure medications are currently approved to treat epilepsy.

About 6 in 10 people may control their seizures with the first or second medicine.

Yet a survey of adults in the community found that 56% still have seizures.

Neurologists are specialized doctors in treating epilepsy.

If the seizures are not controlled with 2 or more medications, one will be evaluated at an epilepsy center where options beyond medications are possible.

Epilepsy surgery, Vagus Nerve Stimulations and Ketogenic diet are other methods of treatment.

UNIT CONVERSIONS FOR SUSPENSION FORM MEDICATIONS

UNIT CONVERSIONS FOR SUSPENSION FORM MEDICATIONS

If the medicine comes in suspension form, shake well before using.
DO NOT use flatware spoons used for eating for giving medicine. They are not all the same size. For example, a flatware teaspoon could be as small as one half teaspoon (2.5 mL) or as large as 2 teaspoons (10 mL).
Measuring spoons used for cooking are accurate, but they spill easily.
Oral syringes have some advantages for giving liquid medicines: They are accurate, they are easy to use and you can take a capped syringe containing a dose of medicine to your child's daycare or school. 
Dosing cups are also a handy way to give liquid medicines. Liquid medicines often do not taste good, but many flavors are now available and can be added to any liquid medicine. Ask your pharmacist.

Unit conversions

1 cm3 = 20 drop; 1 drop = 0.05 cc

1 mL = 1 cc (cm³)

2.5 mL = 1/2 teaspoon

5 mL = 1 teaspoon

15 mL = 1 tablespoon

3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon